2-Cyanopyridine, also known as nicotinonitrile, is a chemical compound that plays a significant role in various industries, including the pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors. It is commonly used as a building block for the synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs, agrochemicals, and other specialty chemicals. In everyday life, 2-Cyanopyridine may not be directly recognizable, but its derivatives and products are integral to the development of medications, pesticides, and other products that impact our daily lives. Its importance lies in its versatility as a precursor for the creation of substances that contribute to human health and food production.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
2-Cyanopyridine, also known as 2-Pyridinecarbonitrile, is a chemical compound widely used in commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly employed as a precursor in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes. Additionally, 2-Cyanopyridine is utilized in the production of pesticides, herbicides, and insecticides due to its function as a building block in the creation of biologically active molecules.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 2-Cyanopyridine plays a significant role in the pharmaceutical industry. It is a key intermediate in the synthesis of several important drugs, including Rufinamide, a medication used to treat seizures in individuals with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. Furthermore, 2-Cyanopyridine is utilized in the production of various antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral pharmaceuticals, showcasing its versatility as a valuable chemical in the development of medicinal compounds.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
2-Cyanopyridine, also known as 2-Pyridinecarbonitrile, is a colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid with a pungent odor. The compound possesses a distinctive smell similar to that of other pyridine derivatives.
With a molar mass of 104.11 g/mol and a density of approximately 1.06 g/cm^3, 2-Cyanopyridine is heavier and denser than common food items such as water (molar mass of 18.02 g/mol, density of 1 g/cm^3) and sugar (molar mass of 342.3 g/mol, density of 1.59 g/cm^3).
2-Cyanopyridine has a melting point of -20°C and a boiling point of 211-212°C. In comparison, common food items like butter (melting point of 30-35°C) and water (boiling point of 100°C) exhibit significantly lower melting and boiling points.
This compound is sparingly soluble in water and exhibits a low viscosity. In contrast, common food items like salt and sugar are highly soluble in water, while substances like honey and syrup are more viscous.
🏭 Production & Procurement
2-Cyanopyridine, also known as 2-Pyridinecarbonitrile, is primarily produced through the reaction of pyridine with cyanogen chloride. This synthesis involves the addition of cyanogen chloride to pyridine under carefully controlled conditions to yield 2-Cyanopyridine as the main product. The reaction is typically carried out in the presence of a suitable catalyst to enhance the efficiency of the process.
The procurement of 2-Cyanopyridine can be accomplished through various chemical suppliers and distributors. This compound is commonly available in both bulk quantities and smaller quantities for research and industrial applications. The transport of 2-Cyanopyridine is typically done in sealed containers or drums to prevent exposure to moisture and air, which could potentially degrade the integrity of the compound. Specialized handling and storage precautions are often necessary due to the reactivity and toxicity of 2-Cyanopyridine.
When transporting 2-Cyanopyridine, it is essential to adhere to strict safety measures to prevent accidents and spills. Proper labeling and packaging of the compound are crucial for compliance with regulatory guidelines and to ensure the safe handling and transport of 2-Cyanopyridine. Additionally, it is recommended to utilize certified carriers experienced in transporting hazardous chemicals to minimize the risk of incidents during transit.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 2-Cyanopyridine are of paramount importance due to its hazardous nature. This compound is highly flammable and may react vigorously with oxidizing agents. It is also a respiratory irritant and may cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. Proper storage and handling procedures should be adhered to in order to minimize the risk of accidents or exposure.
When working with 2-Cyanopyridine, it is essential to be aware of the hazard statements associated with this compound. These include “Causes skin irritation,” “Causes serious eye irritation,” and “May cause respiratory irritation.” Additionally, it is important to note that 2-Cyanopyridine is harmful if swallowed or inhaled and may cause dizziness or drowsiness. Adequate precautions should be taken to minimize potential risks to individuals handling this substance.
Precautionary statements for 2-Cyanopyridine include wearing protective gloves, clothing, and eye/face protection when working with this compound. It is recommended to work in a well-ventilated area and avoid breathing in fumes or vapors. In case of skin contact, it is advised to wash with plenty of soap and water. If exposed to 2-Cyanopyridine, seek medical advice immediately and bring the container or label for reference. It is crucial to handle this substance with caution and follow all recommended safety procedures to prevent adverse health effects.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
With its potential applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and material science, 2-Cyanopyridine presents a unique opportunity for researchers to explore its diverse chemical reactivity and versatility. Its ability to serve as a building block in synthesizing various heterocyclic compounds makes it a valuable target for investigation in the field of organic chemistry.
Furthermore, the presence of the cyano group in 2-Cyanopyridine offers potential for the development of new catalytic processes and the creation of novel functional materials. Researchers may focus on exploring the reactivity of this functional group and its interactions with various nucleophiles, electrophiles, and transition metal catalysts to uncover new synthetic methodologies and expand the scope of its applications.
In addition, studies on the biological activity of 2-Cyanopyridine derivatives may lead to the discovery of new drug candidates with enhanced pharmacological properties. The investigation of its potential as a starting point for the design of bioactive molecules could open up new avenues for drug discovery and the development of innovative therapeutic agents targeting various diseases and disorders.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 2-Cyanopyridine based upon molecular structure is 2-Aminopyridine, which contains a pyridine ring with an amino group in the 2-position. This compound is also known as 2-pyridinamine and is commonly used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. The presence of the amino group allows for various functionalization reactions, making 2-Aminopyridine a versatile building block in organic chemistry.
Another compound with a similar structure to 2-Cyanopyridine is 2-Hydroxypyridine, which features a hydroxy group attached to the pyridine ring at the 2-position. This compound, also known as 2-pyridinol, is used in the preparation of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes. The hydroxy group imparts unique chemical properties to 2-Hydroxypyridine, making it useful in a wide range of applications in organic synthesis.
Additionally, 2-Methylpyridine is a compound with a structure closely related to 2-Cyanopyridine, with a methyl group attached to the pyridine ring at the 2-position. Also known as ortho-picoline, this compound is commonly used as a solvent in organic reactions and as a precursor for the synthesis of various chemicals. The presence of the methyl group alters the physical and chemical properties of 2-Methylpyridine compared to 2-Cyanopyridine, leading to different reactivity patterns in organic reactions.
