18-Crown-6 is a macrocyclic polyether compound that is commonly used as a phase transfer catalyst in various chemical reactions. Its unique structure allows it to selectively bind with metal ions, making it useful in organic synthesis, coordination chemistry, and molecular recognition processes. While not directly relevant to everyday life for the general populace, 18-Crown-6 plays a crucial role in the advancement of chemical research and development, particularly in the pharmaceutical and materials science industries. Its ability to facilitate complex reactions efficiently and selectively has led to numerous discoveries and innovations that ultimately impact society in various ways.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
18-Crown-6, a macrocyclic ligan, finds commercial and industrial applications in the field of chemistry as a phase transfer catalyst and complexation agent for metal ions. Its ability to selectively bind with potassium ions makes it useful in separation techniques and as a component in battery electrolytes.
In drug and medication applications, 18-Crown-6 has shown potential as a carrier for transporting metal ions into cells for anticancer therapies. Additionally, it has been studied for its ability to enhance drug solubility and bioavailability, making it a valuable tool in drug delivery systems.
Overall, the unique properties of 18-Crown-6 make it a versatile compound with diverse applications across various industries. Its potential in drug delivery and metal ion transport highlights its importance in both commercial and pharmaceutical sectors.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
18-Crown-6 is a white crystalline solid with no discernible odor. It is a macrocyclic compound that is commonly used as a ligand in coordination chemistry for its ability to selectively bind certain metal ions.
The molar mass of 18-Crown-6 is approximately 264.29 g/mol, and its density is around 1.38 g/cm3. In comparison to common food items such as table salt (molar mass of 58.44 g/mol) and water (density of 1 g/cm3), 18-Crown-6 has a higher molar mass and density.
The melting point of 18-Crown-6 is approximately 41-42°C, while its boiling point is around 254-255°C. In comparison to common food items such as butter (melting point of around 32-35°C) and vegetable oil (boiling point of around 300°C), 18-Crown-6 has a higher melting point and lower boiling point.
18-Crown-6 is highly soluble in water and has a low viscosity. In comparison to common food items such as sugar (soluble in water) and honey (high viscosity), 18-Crown-6 exhibits similar solubility in water but lower viscosity.
🏭 Production & Procurement
The synthesis of 18-Crown-6, a macrocyclic polyether, involves the reaction of 1,10-dibromodecane with dipotassium salt of dibenzo-18-crown-6 in a polar solvent, such as acetonitrile. The reaction typically proceeds under mild conditions with the formation of the desired 18-Crown-6 product through a nucleophilic substitution reaction.
After the production process, 18-Crown-6 can be procured from various chemical suppliers that specialize in crown ethers and other complex organic molecules. The compound is commonly available in both laboratory-scale quantities for research purposes and industrial-scale quantities for larger applications.
In order to transport 18-Crown-6, proper safety measures must be taken due to its potential hazardous properties. The compound is often packaged and shipped in sealed containers to prevent leakage or contamination during transit. It is important to adhere to relevant regulations and guidelines when handling and transporting 18-Crown-6 to ensure safety and compliance with regulatory requirements.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 18-Crown-6 include its potential to cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory tract upon exposure. It is important to handle this compound with care, using appropriate personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat. Additionally, 18-Crown-6 should be stored in a cool, dry place away from heat sources and incompatible materials to prevent accidents or reactions.
Hazard statements for 18-Crown-6 include “Causes skin irritation,” “Causes serious eye irritation,” and “May cause respiratory irritation.” These statements highlight the potential dangers associated with exposure to this compound, emphasizing the need for proper handling and storage procedures to minimize risks to individuals working with 18-Crown-6. It is essential to follow safety guidelines and protocols when using this chemical to avoid adverse health effects.
Precautionary statements for 18-Crown-6 include “Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray,” “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection,” and “Store in a well-ventilated place.” These statements outline the preventive measures that should be taken to ensure safe handling and use of 18-Crown-6 in laboratory or industrial settings. By following these precautions, individuals can reduce the likelihood of exposure and minimize the potential risks associated with this compound.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 18-Crown-6 is its utilization in supramolecular chemistry studies. Researchers could investigate its ability to form host-guest complexes with various cations, leading to the development of novel molecular recognition systems.
Furthermore, 18-Crown-6 could be explored for its potential applications in catalysis. Studies could focus on its ability to coordinate with metal ions and facilitate various chemical reactions, such as catalyzing organic transformations or promoting asymmetric synthesis.
Another potential research avenue for 18-Crown-6 is its use in ion-selective electrodes. Researchers could investigate its role in developing sensors for specific metal ions, which could have implications in environmental monitoring, medical diagnostics, and other analytical applications.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 18-Crown-6 based upon molecular structure is dibenzo-18-Crown-6. This compound contains two benzene rings fused to the 18-Crown-6 structure, resulting in a larger molecule with potential for increased complexation capabilities. Dibenzo-18-Crown-6 is often used in molecular recognition and ion transport studies due to its unique structure.
Another compound resembling 18-Crown-6 is dibenzo-24-Crown-8. This molecule is similar to dibenzo-18-Crown-6, but contains an additional six-membered ring, resulting in a larger crown ether cavity. Dibenzo-24-Crown-8 has enhanced binding properties compared to 18-Crown-6, making it useful in complexation reactions and ion selective membrane applications.
A related compound to 18-Crown-6 is dibenzo-30-Crown-10. This molecule contains an even larger crown ether cavity due to the presence of multiple benzene rings fused to the crown ether structure. Dibenzo-30-Crown-10 exhibits increased selectivity and binding strength compared to smaller crown ethers, making it valuable in host-guest chemistry and molecular recognition studies.
