1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane, commonly known as crown ether, is a chemical compound with a unique molecular structure that allows it to selectively bind certain metal ions or other organic molecules. This property has numerous practical applications in everyday life, such as in pharmaceuticals, industrial processes, and environmental remediation. For example, crown ethers are used in drug delivery systems to improve the solubility of certain medications, in chemical separations to selectively extract metal ions from solutions, and in environmental cleanup efforts to capture harmful pollutants. Thus, the significance of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane lies in its versatility and utility across a range of industries and applications.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane, also known as crown ether 12-crown-4, finds various commercial and industrial applications due to its ability to complex with metal ions. It is commonly used in the extraction and separation of metals, as well as in catalysis and ion sensing applications. In addition, this compound is also utilized in battery electrolytes, adhesives, and as a solvent for organic reactions.
In the pharmaceutical industry, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane has shown potential as a drug carrier due to its ability to form stable complexes with various drug molecules. This compound is used in drug delivery systems to improve the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Additionally, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane has been investigated for its antimicrobial properties and potential applications in the treatment of bacterial infections.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane is a colorless liquid with no distinct odor. It is often used in various industrial processes due to its chemical properties.
The molar mass of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane is approximately 160.20 g/mol, and its density is around 1.09 g/cm³. Compared to common household items, such as water (18.015 g/mol, 1 g/cm³) and vegetable oil (approximately 900 g/mol, 0.93 g/cm³), it falls within a similar range in terms of molar mass and density.
The melting point of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane is approximately -50°C, and its boiling point is around 204°C. In comparison, common household items like table salt (melting point of 801°C) and water (boiling point of 100°C) have significantly higher melting and boiling points.
1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane is sparingly soluble in water and exhibits low viscosity. This sets it apart from common household items like salt (highly soluble in water) and honey (high viscosity), which have different solubility and viscosity properties.
🏭 Production & Procurement
1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane, also known as crown ether-12, is typically produced through a multi-step synthesis process involving the reaction of 1,2-dibromoethane with diethylene glycol. This reaction is followed by the alkylation of 1,4-cyclohexanedione with sodium hydride in the presence of crown ether-12.
Once produced, 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane can be procured from chemical suppliers specializing in crown ethers. It is typically sold as a white crystalline powder in various quantities to meet the needs of researchers and industries requiring this compound for their applications.
The transportation of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane is typically done in sealed containers to prevent contamination and ensure its stability during transit. Specialized chemical transport companies or freight carriers equipped to handle hazardous materials may be used to safely deliver this compound to its destination.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane include proper storage in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and sources of ignition. It is important to avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing, and to handle the compound with appropriate protective equipment such as gloves and goggles. In case of accidental exposure, it is recommended to seek medical advice immediately.
The pharmacology of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane involves its potential use as a chelating agent in medicinal chemistry due to its ability to bind to metal ions. This compound has been studied for its applications in drug delivery systems and as a contrast agent in medical imaging. Further research is needed to fully understand its pharmacological properties and potential therapeutic uses.
Hazard statements for 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane include its classification as a flammable liquid with potential respiratory and skin irritation effects. It is important to avoid inhaling vapors or mist and to use the compound in a well-ventilated area to reduce the risk of exposure. Prolonged or repeated contact with 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane may cause skin dryness or cracking.
Precautionary statements for 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane include the necessity of wearing appropriate protective clothing, gloves, and eye/face protection when handling the compound. It is important to keep the substance away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces to prevent fire hazards. In case of spillage, it is recommended to contain the substance and dispose of it in accordance with local regulations for chemical waste disposal.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane could involve investigating its potential applications in the field of supramolecular chemistry. Researchers may explore its ability to form host-guest complexes with various molecules or ions, which could have implications in molecular recognition and drug delivery systems.
Another area of interest could be the synthesis and characterization of novel derivatives of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane. By modifying the structure of the compound, researchers could potentially enhance its properties or create new functionalities. This could lead to the development of advanced materials or tailored compounds for specific applications.
Furthermore, studies could be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane in biological systems. Understanding how the compound interacts with biological molecules or membranes could provide insights into its potential as a drug or therapeutic agent. This could open up new avenues for research in the fields of medicinal chemistry and pharmacology.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane is 1,4,7-Trioxacyclononane. This compound contains a cyclic structure with three oxygen atoms, similar to the tetraoxacyclododecane. The difference lies in the smaller ring size of the trioxacyclononane compared to the tetraoxacyclododecane.
Another compound with a similar molecular structure is 1,4-Dioxane. This compound is a cyclic ether with two oxygen atoms, unlike the tetraoxacyclododecane which has four oxygen atoms in its ring structure. The dioxane molecule is commonly used as a solvent in various chemical reactions and processes.
Additionally, 1,4,5,8,9-Pentoxacycloundecane is another compound that shares similarities with 1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane. This compound contains a cyclic structure with five oxygen atoms, one more oxygen atom compared to the tetraoxacyclododecane. The presence of oxygen atoms in the ring structure contributes to the unique properties and reactivity of these cyclic ethers.
