1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)-, commonly referred to as p-phenylenediamine, is a chemical compound widely used in various consumer products, particularly hair dyes. Its relevance to everyday life lies in its ability to impart color to hair, allowing individuals to alter their appearance according to personal preferences. Despite its cosmetic application, p-phenylenediamine has also been associated with allergic reactions and skin sensitivities in some individuals, emphasizing the importance of informed usage and product safety considerations.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)-, commonly known as 4-Aminophenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (4-phenylenediamine), is utilized in various commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a dye intermediate in the production of hair dyes, fur dyes, and textile dyes. Additionally, it is used as a curing agent in the manufacturing of epoxy resins and plastics, providing enhanced strength and durability to the finished products.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- has found use in the pharmaceutical industry as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceutical compounds. It is also employed in the production of antineoplastic agents, which are used in the treatment of cancer. Furthermore, this compound has shown potential as a building block for the development of novel drugs targeting various diseases and disorders.
Overall, 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- plays a significant role in various commercial and industrial sectors, contributing to the production of dyes, resins, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and other products. Its versatile nature and chemical properties make it a valuable compound in the manufacturing process, offering numerous applications across different industries.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- appears as a white to slightly beige solid with no distinct odor. It is generally described as odorless.
The molar mass of 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- is approximately 166.21 g/mol, and it has a density of around 1.27 g/cm³. In comparison to common food items, such as sugar (molar mass of 342.30 g/mol, density of 1.59 g/cm³), 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- has a lower molar mass and density.
1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- has a melting point of around 97-100°C and a boiling point of approximately 293°C. In contrast, common food items like butter have lower melting points (around 32-35°C) and boiling points (around 100°C). These differences highlight the distinct physical properties of 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)-.
1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- is sparingly soluble in water and has a relatively high viscosity. This contrasts with common food items like salt, which are highly soluble in water and have low viscosity. The solubility and viscosity of 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- distinguish it from typical food items.
🏭 Production & Procurement
1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)-, also known as p-Phenylenediamine, is primarily produced through the reduction of 1,4-dinitrobenzene. This reduction process involves the use of hydrogen gas and a catalyst, typically a metal such as palladium or platinum, to convert the nitro groups into amino groups.
The procurement of 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- can be achieved through chemical suppliers who specialize in the production and distribution of specialty chemicals. It is important to ensure that the supplier adheres to all safety and regulatory standards when handling and transporting this compound.
When procuring 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- for research or industrial use, it is crucial to transport the compound in sealed, labeled containers to prevent exposure to air or moisture. Additionally, proper safety measures should be implemented during transportation to minimize the risk of accidents or spills.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- are of utmost importance due to its toxic properties. This compound is classified as harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin. It can cause skin irritation, serious eye damage, and respiratory irritation. Additionally, prolonged or repeated exposure may cause organ damage.
Hazard statements for 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- include “H302 – Harmful if swallowed,” “H312 – Harmful in contact with skin,” “H332 – Harmful if inhaled,” and “H314 – Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.” These statements serve as a warning for the potential dangers associated with this compound and emphasize the need for careful handling and appropriate protective measures.
Precautionary statements for 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- recommend wearing protective gloves, clothing, eye protection, and face protection. It is advised to wash hands thoroughly after handling and before eating, drinking, or smoking. In case of skin contact, it is important to remove contaminated clothing and rinse skin with water. If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or label. Proper storage, handling, and disposal procedures should be followed to minimize the risk of exposure and ensure safety.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
One potential research direction for 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- is the investigation of its potential applications in the field of materials science. Researchers may explore its role as a building block for the synthesis of novel polymers or as a functional group in the development of advanced materials with specific properties.
Furthermore, the study of the chemical and physical properties of 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- could lead to a better understanding of its reactivity and behavior under different conditions. This fundamental research could provide valuable insights into its potential uses in various industries, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, or electronics.
Additionally, the exploration of the toxicological properties of 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- is another important research direction. Understanding its potential hazards and effects on human health and the environment is crucial for the safe handling and disposal of this compound in industrial processes. This research could contribute to the development of guidelines and regulations for its use.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- is 1,3-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)-. In this compound, the amino group is located at the para position on the phenyl ring, similar to 1,4-Benzenediamine. This compound is commonly used in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and polymers due to its ability to undergo various chemical reactions.
Another similar compound to 1,4-Benzenediamine, N-(4-aminophenyl)- is 1,4-Phenylenediamine. In this compound, the amino group is attached to the benzene ring at the meta positions, resulting in a different molecular structure compared to 1,4-Benzenediamine. 1,4-Phenylenediamine is widely used in the production of hair dyes and rubber chemicals due to its ability to act as a crosslinking agent in polymerization reactions.
