13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid, commonly referred to as HOTE, is a fatty acid derived from linoleic acid. This particular lipid plays a crucial role in inflammation and immune response regulation within the human body. HOTE has been studied extensively for its potential therapeutic applications in treating various diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disorders, and autoimmune conditions. Its anti-inflammatory properties make it a promising target for drug development in the medical field. Additionally, HOTE is present in many common foods and can be obtained through a balanced diet rich in linoleic acid sources, such as nuts, seeds, and vegetable oils. Understanding and harnessing the benefits of HOTE have the potential to improve overall health and well-being in everyday life.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid, commonly known as 13-HPODE, has a range of commercial and industrial applications. This compound is utilized in the production of antioxidants, cosmetics, food additives, and dietary supplements. Additionally, 13-HPODE is used in the formulation of various lubricants and coatings due to its ability to inhibit oxidation.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 13-HPODE shows promise in the field of inflammatory disease treatment. Studies have suggested that this compound may have anti-inflammatory properties, potentially making it a valuable ingredient in pharmaceuticals designed to manage conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. Further research is ongoing to explore the full therapeutic potential of 13-HPODE in the medical field.
Overall, the versatility of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid makes it a valuable ingredient in various commercial and industrial products. Its potential anti-inflammatory properties also position it as a promising candidate for drug development in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Ongoing research and development efforts continue to uncover the full range of applications for this multifaceted compound.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid is a colorless to pale yellow, viscous liquid with a slight odor. This compound is derived from linoleic acid and has a chemical structure that includes a hydroperoxy group, resulting in its reactivity.
The molar mass of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid is approximately 312.46 g/mol, with a density of around 0.93 g/cm³. Compared to common food items, such as water and olive oil, this compound has a higher molar mass and lower density.
This compound has a melting point of approximately -5°C and a boiling point of around 220°C. Compared to common food items like sugar and salt, its melting and boiling points are higher, indicating its stability under heating and cooling conditions.
13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid is insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents, exhibiting a high viscosity. Compared to common food items like sugar and salt, this compound has a lower solubility in water and higher viscosity, making it useful in certain industrial applications.
🏭 Production & Procurement
13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid is typically produced through the enzymatic oxidation of linoleic acid by the enzyme 13-lipoxygenase. This process results in the formation of the intermediate hydroperoxide, which can then be further metabolized to yield 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid.
In order to procure 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid, one must first obtain linoleic acid as the starting material. Linoleic acid is widely available in various plant oils, such as soybean oil and sunflower oil. Once linoleic acid is obtained, it can be subjected to enzymatic oxidation using 13-lipoxygenase to produce 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid.
Transportation of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid can be achieved through standard chemical shipping practices. This compound is relatively stable under normal temperatures and can be transported in sealed containers to prevent contamination or degradation. Care should be taken to avoid exposure to high temperatures or prolonged exposure to sunlight during transportation to ensure the compound’s integrity.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for handling 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid include wearing appropriate protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat to prevent skin contact, eye exposure, and inhalation of the substance. It is important to work in a well-ventilated area to minimize the risk of inhalation. In case of accidental exposure, it is crucial to seek medical attention immediately and have the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) on hand for reference.
Hazard statements for 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid include “Causes skin irritation,” “Causes serious eye irritation,” and “May cause respiratory irritation.” This indicates that the substance has the potential to cause harm upon contact with skin, eyes, or respiratory tract. It is essential to take precautions to avoid exposure and to handle the substance with care to prevent any adverse effects on health.
Precautionary statements for handling 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid include “Wear protective gloves/eye protection/face protection,” “Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray,” and “If in eyes, rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.” These statements emphasize the importance of using appropriate protective equipment, minimizing inhalation of the substance, and taking prompt action in case of eye exposure. Adhering to these precautionary measures is essential for ensuring safe handling of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid, a specific form of unsaturated fatty acid, may delve into its potential role as a signaling molecule in various biological processes. Studies could explore its interactions with different enzymes and proteins to elucidate its molecular mechanisms of action.
Furthermore, investigations into the enzymatic pathways involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid could provide insights into its regulation within cells. Understanding how this fatty acid derivative is produced and broken down could offer novel targets for therapeutic interventions in conditions where its dysregulation is implicated.
Moreover, exploring the effects of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid on cellular functions such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism could shed light on its potential significance in human health and disease. This could lead to the development of new strategies for modulating its levels to maintain homeostasis and prevent pathological conditions.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid is 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid. This compound has a similar molecular structure, with the main difference being the absence of the third double bond at the 14th carbon position. Despite this slight variation, 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid shares many of the same chemical properties as 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid.
Another similar compound is 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester. This compound is a derivative of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid in which the carboxylic acid group has been replaced with a methyl ester group. Despite this modification, the overall structure of the compound remains similar to that of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid. 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid methyl ester is commonly used in research settings due to its stability and ease of handling.
One more related compound is 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid amide. In this compound, the carboxylic acid group of 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E,14Z-octadecatrienoic acid is replaced with an amide group. This modification results in a compound with altered chemical properties compared to the original hydroperoxy fatty acid. Despite this change, 13S-hydroperoxy-9Z,11E-octadecadienoic acid amide retains some of the same biological activities and potential applications in various research fields.
