1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene, commonly known as Durene, is a chemical compound that is primarily used as a solvent and a fuel additive. Its relevance to everyday life lies in its role in various industrial processes, such as in the production of polymers, plastics, and resins. Additionally, Durene is used in the manufacturing of dyes, perfumes, and pharmaceuticals. While consumers may not directly interact with this compound, it plays a crucial role in supporting numerous everyday products and industries.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene, also known as p-Xylene, is commonly used in various commercial and industrial applications. One of its primary uses is as a precursor in the synthesis of polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyester fibers. Additionally, p-Xylene is utilized as a solvent in the manufacturing of paints, coatings, adhesives, and rubber products.
Moreover, 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene is employed in the production of fragrances and flavorings due to its pleasant aromatic properties. It is a key ingredient in the formulation of perfumes, soaps, and household cleaning products. p-Xylene is also utilized as a component in fuel additives and as a raw material in the synthesis of certain organic compounds for the pharmaceutical industry.
Despite its various industrial applications, 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene does not have significant drug or medication applications. While some research has explored its potential in drug delivery systems, the compound is not commonly used in pharmaceutical formulations. Consequently, p-Xylene’s primary value lies in its role in the production of polymers, solvents, fragrances, and other commercial and industrial products.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene is a colorless liquid with a characteristic aromatic odor. It is commonly used as a solvent in industrial processes due to its pleasant scent.
With a molar mass of 134.21 g/mol and a density of 0.86 g/mL, 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene is lighter than many common food items, such as sugar (molar mass of 342.3 g/mol, density of 1.59 g/mL) and olive oil (molar mass of 884.3 g/mol, density of 0.91 g/mL).
The melting point of 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene is -36.6°C and its boiling point is 170°C, which are significantly lower compared to common food items like butter (melting point of 32°C, boiling point of 150°C) and water (melting point of 0°C, boiling point of 100°C).
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene is insoluble in water and has a low viscosity, making it difficult to dissolve in aqueous solutions and flow easily. This contrasts with common food items like salt (soluble in water) and honey (viscous liquid).
🏭 Production & Procurement
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene, also known as Durene, is primarily produced through the alkylation of p-xylene with propylene over solid acid catalysts. This process typically yields a mixture of isomers, which can be separated through fractional distillation to isolate the desired 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene product.
1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene can be procured from chemical suppliers or manufacturing companies that produce aromatic compounds. It is typically transported in liquid form in sealed containers or tankers to prevent evaporation or contamination. Proper labeling and handling procedures should be followed to ensure safe transportation of this chemical compound.
Due to its use as a solvent and intermediate in the production of various chemicals, 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene is commonly used in industries such as coatings, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. Regulatory guidelines should be adhered to when procuring and handling this compound to ensure compliance with safety and environmental standards.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene, also known as Durene, include the potential for skin and eye irritation upon contact. It is important to avoid inhalation of vapors, as it may cause respiratory irritation. This chemical should be stored in a well-ventilated area away from heat and sources of ignition to prevent the risk of fire or explosion.
Hazard statements for 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene include “Causes skin irritation” and “Causes serious eye irritation.” It is important to handle this chemical with care and wear appropriate personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, to avoid potential harm. In case of skin or eye contact, it is recommended to rinse thoroughly with water and seek medical attention if irritation persists.
Precautionary statements for 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene include “Wash hands thoroughly after handling” and “Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.” It is essential to follow proper safety protocols when working with this chemical to minimize the risk of exposure and adverse effects. In case of inhalation, move to a location with fresh air and seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene could focus on its use as a precursor in the synthesis of advanced materials, such as polymeric resins or high-performance coatings.
Furthermore, investigations may be conducted to explore the potential environmental impact of 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene and its derivatives, particularly in terms of toxicity and persistence in the environment.
Studies could also be pursued to further elucidate the chemical reactivity and functional group compatibility of 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene, with the aim of developing new synthetic methodologies for the efficient production of value-added chemicals.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene in terms of molecular structure is 1,2,3,5-Tetramethylbenzene. This compound also contains four methyl groups attached to a benzene ring, albeit in a slightly different arrangement compared to 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene. The presence of four methyl groups on the benzene ring contributes to the stability of both compounds.
Another compound with a molecular structure similar to 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene is 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene. Like the aforementioned compounds, this molecule possesses four methyl groups attached to a benzene ring. The positioning of the methyl groups in 1,2,3,4-Tetramethylbenzene distinguishes it from 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene, but both compounds share similar chemical properties due to the presence of four methyl groups on the benzene ring.
Additionally, 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene is a compound that bears resemblance to 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene in terms of molecular structure. This compound features three methyl groups attached to a benzene ring, one less than in 1,2,4,5-Tetramethylbenzene. Despite this difference, both compounds exhibit similar properties in terms of reactivity and stability due to the presence of methyl groups on the benzene ring.