1,2-Dinitrobenzene, a chemical compound primarily utilized in the production of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides, plays a significant role in various facets of everyday life. Its application in the coloring of fabrics, plastics, and paper products underscores its importance in the textile and manufacturing industries. Furthermore, its inclusion in certain medications and agrochemicals highlights its relevance in the healthcare and agriculture sectors. Despite its less prominent presence in the consumer sphere compared to more widely recognized compounds, 1,2-Dinitrobenzene remains a crucial component in the creation of numerous everyday products.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
1,2-Dinitrobenzene is primarily used in the commercial and industrial sectors as an intermediate chemical in the production of dyes, pigments, and explosives. It is commonly employed in the synthesis of various organic compounds due to its reactivity and ability to undergo multiple chemical transformations. Additionally, 1,2-Dinitrobenzene serves as a precursor for the manufacturing of agricultural chemicals and herbicides.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 1,2-Dinitrobenzene is utilized as a reagent in the preparation of certain pharmaceutical compounds. However, due to its toxic nature and potential health hazards, its usage in this field is limited and strictly regulated. The compound’s ability to undergo nitration reactions makes it a valuable chemical for producing components of medications with specific properties.
It is important to note that 1,2-Dinitrobenzene should be handled with caution and proper safety measures in both commercial and drug-related settings. Its potential for causing harm to human health and the environment necessitates strict adherence to safety protocols and regulations during its production and use. Furthermore, the compound’s reactivity and chemical properties must be taken into consideration when determining its applications in various industries.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
1,2-Dinitrobenzene is a pale yellow solid with a distinctive odor similar to that of nitrobenzene. It is a highly flammable and explosive compound commonly used in the production of dyes, pesticides, and other industrial chemicals.
1,2-Dinitrobenzene has a molar mass of 168.11 g/mol and a density of 1.33 g/cm3. Compared to common food items such as sugar (molar mass: 342.3 g/mol, density: 1.59 g/cm3) and water (molar mass: 18.02 g/mol, density: 1 g/cm3), 1,2-Dinitrobenzene has a lower molar mass but a higher density.
The melting point of 1,2-Dinitrobenzene is 16.6°C, while its boiling point is 300°C. In comparison, common food items like butter (melting point: 32-35°C, boiling point: 150-200°C) and olive oil (melting point: -6°C, boiling point: 300°C) have melting and boiling points that vary significantly.
1,2-Dinitrobenzene is sparingly soluble in water, with a solubility of 0.25 g/100 mL at 20°C. It has a relatively low viscosity compared to common food items like honey and molasses. Honey is highly viscous due to its high sugar content, while molasses is even thicker and stickier.
🏭 Production & Procurement
1,2-Dinitrobenzene is typically produced by nitration of benzene using a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid as the nitrating agent. This reaction involves the substitution of hydrogen atoms on the benzene ring with nitro groups, resulting in the formation of 1,2-Dinitrobenzene as the major product.
1,2-Dinitrobenzene can be procured from chemical suppliers who specialize in the production and distribution of organic chemicals. It is commonly stored and transported in sealed containers to prevent exposure to light and air, which can cause degradation of the compound. Due to its hazardous nature, special care must be taken during transportation to ensure the safety of personnel and prevent any accidents.
The procurement and transportation of 1,2-Dinitrobenzene are subject to strict regulations and guidelines set forth by environmental and safety agencies. These regulations dictate the proper handling, storage, and disposal of the compound to ensure minimal impact on human health and the environment. It is essential for individuals involved in the procurement and transportation of 1,2-Dinitrobenzene to adhere to these regulations to prevent any adverse effects.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 1,2-Dinitrobenzene must be carefully evaluated due to its potential hazards. It is important to handle this compound with extreme care, as it is highly flammable and may explode if exposed to high temperatures or flames. Additionally, 1,2-Dinitrobenzene is toxic if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin, and can cause severe irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory system.
The hazard statements for 1,2-Dinitrobenzene include: “Highly flammable liquid and vapor”, “May cause an allergic skin reaction”, “Causes serious eye irritation”, “Toxic if swallowed”, “Toxic if inhaled”, “Suspected of causing cancer”, and “May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure”.
Precautionary statements for handling 1,2-Dinitrobenzene include: “Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces”, “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection”, “Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray”, “Wash thoroughly after handling”, “Avoid release to the environment”, “IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting”, and “IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing”.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
1,2-Dinitrobenzene, a chemical compound commonly used as an intermediate in the production of dyes, has garnered attention from researchers for its potential applications in various fields of study. One potential research direction is the investigation of its environmental impact, particularly its toxicity and persistence in soil and water systems.
Furthermore, researchers may explore the possibility of utilizing 1,2-Dinitrobenzene as a starting material for the synthesis of more complex molecules with potential pharmaceutical or industrial applications. Understanding its reactivity and potential reactions with other chemicals could open up new avenues for chemical synthesis.
Another potential area of research could focus on the development of new methods for the synthesis of 1,2-Dinitrobenzene itself, with an emphasis on improving efficiency, scalability, and sustainability. Exploring novel synthetic routes and catalysts could lead to the development of greener and more cost-effective production processes.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 1,2-dinitrobenzene is 1,3-dinitrobenzene. This compound has a very similar structure to 1,2-dinitrobenzene, with two nitro groups attached to a benzene ring. The difference lies in the positioning of the nitro groups, as they are located at the 1 and 3 positions in 1,3-dinitrobenzene.
Another similar compound to 1,2-dinitrobenzene is 1,4-dinitrobenzene. This compound also features two nitro groups attached to a benzene ring, but in this case, they are located at the 1 and 4 positions. Like 1,2-dinitrobenzene, 1,4-dinitrobenzene is used in the production of dyes, explosives, and other industrial chemicals due to its reactivity and stability.
Furthermore, another compound similar to 1,2-dinitrobenzene is 1,2,4-trinitrobenzene. This compound is derived from 1,2-dinitrobenzene and features an additional nitro group attached to the benzene ring. 1,2,4-trinitrobenzene is a highly explosive compound used in the production of munitions and ordnance. Its molecular structure is closely related to that of 1,2-dinitrobenzene, with the addition of a third nitro group.
