1,2-Dichloroethane, commonly referred to as ethylene dichloride, is a chemical compound that is primarily used in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics. PVC is a versatile material that is used in a wide range of everyday products, including pipes, flooring, medical devices, and packaging materials. Therefore, 1,2-Dichloroethane plays an important role in the manufacturing of these common items that are used in everyday life.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
1,2-Dichloroethane, also known as ethylene dichloride, serves a variety of commercial and industrial applications. It is commonly used as a solvent in the production of adhesives, coatings, and varnishes. Additionally, it is utilized as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemicals and pharmaceuticals.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 1,2-Dichloroethane has limited use due to its toxic properties. However, it has been employed in the past as an ingredient in certain pharmaceutical formulations, particularly for topical treatments. Its role in the pharmaceutical industry is minimal compared to its prevalence in industrial processes.
While 1,2-Dichloroethane has potential applications in drug and medication production, its toxicity and carcinogenicity have restricted its use in pharmaceutical formulations. Due to its harmful effects on human health, the pharmaceutical industry has largely phased out the use of 1,2-Dichloroethane in drug development and manufacturing processes.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
1,2-Dichloroethane is a colorless, oily liquid with a pleasant, chloroform-like odor. It is highly volatile at room temperature and readily disperses in the air, making its odor easily detectable.
With a molar mass of 98.959 g/mol and a density of 1.253 g/cm³, 1,2-Dichloroethane is heavier than common household items such as water (molar mass: 18.015 g/mol, density: 1.0 g/cm³) and ethanol (molar mass: 46.07 g/mol, density: 0.789 g/cm³).
1,2-Dichloroethane has a melting point of -35.7°C and a boiling point of 83.5°C. Compared to common household items like water (melting point: 0°C, boiling point: 100°C) and ethanol (melting point: -114.1°C, boiling point: 78.37°C), it has a lower melting point but a higher boiling point.
1,2-Dichloroethane is slightly soluble in water, with a solubility of 8.8 g/L at 25°C. It has a low viscosity compared to common household items like honey or motor oil, making it flow more freely.
🏭 Production & Procurement
1,2-Dichloroethane, also known as ethylene dichloride, is primarily produced through the reaction of ethylene with chlorine gas in the presence of a catalyst such as ferric chloride. This process typically occurs in a multi-step reaction in a chemical plant under controlled conditions to ensure the desired product is formed efficiently and safely.
The procurement of 1,2-Dichloroethane involves the transportation of the chemical from the manufacturing facility to various distribution centers and end-users. This is typically done using specialized tanker trucks or railcars designed to safely transport hazardous chemicals. The chemical is often stored in tanks or drums at the receiving facility until it is ready for use in various industrial applications.
Once procured, 1,2-Dichloroethane can be used in a variety of industries including as a solvent in the manufacturing of plastics, synthetic rubber, and vinyl chloride. It is also used as a lead scavenger in the production of tetraethyl lead, an additive in gasoline. The transportation of 1,2-Dichloroethane must comply with strict regulations to ensure the safety of workers, the public, and the environment.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety considerations for 1,2-Dichloroethane include its classification as a flammable liquid, with a flash point of 19°C, and its potential to form explosive vapors. It is also harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Exposure to 1,2-Dichloroethane can cause irritation to the respiratory system, skin, and eyes. Proper ventilation and personal protective equipment, such as gloves and goggles, should be used when handling this chemical.
The pharmacology of 1,2-Dichloroethane involves its ability to be absorbed through the lungs, skin, and gastrointestinal tract. Once in the body, it is metabolized to various compounds, including chloroacetaldehyde, which is a toxic metabolite. 1,2-Dichloroethane is primarily excreted in the urine, with a small amount being excreted through exhalation. Chronic exposure to this chemical can lead to liver and kidney damage, as well as neurological effects.
Hazard statements for 1,2-Dichloroethane include “Harmful if swallowed,” “Causes skin irritation,” and “May cause drowsiness or dizziness.” It is also labeled as a flammable liquid and vapor, with a warning that it can form explosive mixtures with air. Additionally, 1,2-Dichloroethane is harmful to aquatic life and may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment.
Precautionary statements for 1,2-Dichloroethane include “Keep away from heat, sparks, open flames, and hot surfaces,” and “Use explosion-proof electrical, ventilating, and lighting equipment.” It is advised to wear protective gloves, clothing, and eye/face protection when handling this chemical. In case of exposure, seek medical advice immediately and rinse skin with water/shower. Store 1,2-Dichloroethane in a well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Research on 1,2-Dichloroethane may focus on its environmental impact, particularly its persistence in soil and water systems and the potential health risks associated with long-term exposure.
Further studies could investigate the mechanisms of 1,2-Dichloroethane metabolism in humans and other organisms, as well as the potential for bioaccumulation in food chains.
Additionally, research may explore the development of remediation techniques for cleaning up 1,2-Dichloroethane-contaminated sites, such as the use of bioremediation or chemical treatments.
Future research directions may also include examining the potential of 1,2-Dichloroethane as a precursor in the synthesis of other chemicals and its industrial applications in the production of plastics and synthetic fibers.
🧪 Related Compounds
1,1-Dichloroethane is a similar compound to 1,2-Dichloroethane, with two chlorine atoms attached to adjacent carbon atoms. This compound is also known as ethylene dichloride. Like 1,2-Dichloroethane, it is commonly used as a solvent and in the production of vinyl chloride.
1,1,2-Trichloroethane is another compound that bears similarity to 1,2-Dichloroethane, with three chlorine atoms attached to adjacent carbon atoms. This compound is commonly used as a solvent and in the production of chlorinated solvents. It is also known as vinyl trichloride.
1,2-Dibromoethane is a compound that is structurally similar to 1,2-Dichloroethane, with two bromine atoms attached to adjacent carbon atoms. This compound is commonly used as an antiknock agent in leaded gasoline. It is also known as ethylene dibromide.
