1,2-Benzoquinone, a chemical compound commonly known as quinone, holds significant relevance in everyday life as it is utilized in various industries such as pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and cosmetics. Its ability to undergo redox reactions makes it a valuable component in the production of certain medications, plant protection products, and hair dyes. Additionally, 1,2-Benzoquinone is employed as a precursor in the synthesis of numerous organic compounds, highlighting its importance in the manufacturing sector. In essence, the versatile properties of 1,2-Benzoquinone contribute to its widespread application and impact on diverse aspects of daily life.
Table of Contents:
- 💡 Commercial Applications
- ⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
- 🏭 Production & Procurement
- ⚠️ Safety Considerations
- 🔬 Potential Research Directions
- 🧪 Related Compounds
💡 Commercial Applications
1,2-Benzoquinone, also known as ortho-quinone, finds significant commercial and industrial applications due to its versatile chemical properties. It is commonly used as a precursor in the manufacture of dyes, polymers, and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, 1,2-Benzoquinone is utilized in the production of various organic compounds and as an intermediate in the synthesis of agricultural chemicals.
In the realm of drug and medication applications, 1,2-Benzoquinone plays a crucial role as a building block for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. It is utilized in the synthesis of antimalarial drugs such as atovaquone and hydroxychloroquine. Furthermore, 1,2-Benzoquinone is employed in the development of anticancer agents due to its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells.
Overall, the commercial and industrial applications of 1,2-Benzoquinone are vast and varied, ranging from the production of dyes and polymers to the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agricultural chemicals. Its versatile properties make it a valuable compound in various industries, contributing significantly to the advancement of scientific research and technological innovation.
⚗️ Chemical & Physical Properties
1,2-Benzoquinone, also known as ortho-quinone, appears as a white crystalline powder with a slightly pungent odor. It is commonly used in the production of dyes and pharmaceuticals due to its unique chemical properties.
The molar mass of 1,2-Benzoquinone is approximately 108.1 g/mol, and its density is around 1.32 g/cm³. In comparison to common household items, 1,2-Benzoquinone has a higher molar mass and density than water (18.02 g/mol, 1 g/cm³) but lower than sugar (342.3 g/mol, 1.59 g/cm³).
The melting point of 1,2-Benzoquinone is approximately 55 °C, while the boiling point is around 254 °C. These values are higher than those of water (0 °C, 100 °C) but lower than those of iron (1538 °C, 2861 °C).
1,2-Benzoquinone is sparingly soluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. It has a low viscosity compared to common household items like honey or molasses. This makes it useful for various applications such as in the production of adhesives and polymers.
🏭 Production & Procurement
1,2-Benzoquinone, known also by the name ortho-benzoquinone, is typically produced through the oxidation of hydroquinone. This process involves the use of various oxidizing agents, such as oxygen, nitric acid, or hydrogen peroxide, to convert hydroquinone into 1,2-Benzoquinone.
The procurement of 1,2-Benzoquinone involves sourcing the chemical compound from specialized chemical suppliers. Once procured, the compound is typically transported in sealed containers to maintain its stability and prevent contamination. Due to its potential reactivity, proper handling and storage procedures must be followed during transport.
1,2-Benzoquinone can be obtained in both small-scale laboratory settings and larger industrial processes. It is commercially available from chemical suppliers in various quantities to meet the needs of researchers, manufacturers, and other end users. The compound is typically packaged and labeled according to industry standards to ensure safe handling and use.
⚠️ Safety Considerations
Safety Considerations for 1,2-Benzoquinone:
1,2-Benzoquinone, commonly known as ortho-benzoquinone, is a compound that requires careful handling due to its potential hazardous properties. This substance is a respiratory irritant and can cause skin and eye irritation upon contact. It is also known to be harmful if swallowed or inhaled, and can cause adverse effects on various organs in the body.
It is important to restrict access to 1,2-Benzoquinone to only trained personnel who are familiar with the proper safety procedures for handling hazardous chemicals. Personal protective equipment, such as gloves, goggles, and a lab coat, should be worn when working with this compound to minimize the risk of exposure. Adequate ventilation is crucial to prevent the buildup of vapors that may lead to respiratory irritation.
Furthermore, proper storage of 1,2-Benzoquinone is essential to prevent accidental spills or leaks. This compound should be stored in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials. It is important to follow all relevant safety guidelines and regulations when working with 1,2-Benzoquinone to ensure the safety of laboratory personnel and the surrounding environment.
Pharmacology of 1,2-Benzoquinone:
1,2-Benzoquinone is a reactive compound that is known to undergo redox reactions in biological systems. It can act as an electrophile and form covalent bonds with nucleophilic sites on proteins and DNA, leading to oxidative damage and potentially contributing to cellular toxicity. Studies have shown that 1,2-Benzoquinone can disrupt cellular processes and induce oxidative stress, which may result in cell death or damage.
Hazard Statements for 1,2-Benzoquinone:
The hazard statements associated with 1,2-Benzoquinone include “Causes skin irritation,” “Causes serious eye irritation,” “Harmful if swallowed,” and “May cause respiratory irritation.” These statements indicate the potential health risks posed by exposure to this compound. It is important to take precautions to prevent contact with 1,2-Benzoquinone and to minimize the risk of adverse effects on human health.
Precautionary Statements for 1,2-Benzoquinone:
Precautionary statements for 1,2-Benzoquinone include “Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray,” “Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection,” and “IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth. Do NOT induce vomiting.” These statements emphasize the importance of implementing proper safety measures when working with this compound to reduce the risk of exposure and mitigate potential hazards. It is essential to follow these precautionary statements to ensure the safe handling of 1,2-Benzoquinone in laboratory settings.
🔬 Potential Research Directions
Potential research directions for 1,2-benzoquinone could involve exploring its role as an intermediate in various chemical reactions. Researchers may investigate its potential applications in organic synthesis and the development of new pharmaceuticals.
Another area of interest could be the study of the environmental impact of 1,2-benzoquinone, including its potential as a pollutant or its role in environmental processes. Researchers may explore its toxicity and effects on ecosystems.
Furthermore, research on the synthesis and modification of 1,2-benzoquinone derivatives could lead to the development of new materials with unique properties. This could include investigations into the physical and chemical properties of these derivatives and their potential applications in fields such as electronics or materials science.
🧪 Related Compounds
One similar compound to 1,2-Benzoquinone is 1,4-Benzoquinone, which shares the same molecular structure but with the oxygen atoms positioned at the 1 and 4 positions on the benzene ring. This compound also exhibits strong oxidizing properties and is commonly found in natural sources such as plant tissues and fungi. Like 1,2-Benzoquinone, 1,4-Benzoquinone is utilized in various industrial applications, including as a precursor for the synthesis of dyes and pharmaceuticals.
Another compound with a similar molecular structure to 1,2-Benzoquinone is Plumbagin, which is a naturally occurring quinone compound found in various plant species. Plumbagin features a benzoquinone core with hydroxyl groups attached to the benzene ring, giving it unique chemical properties. This compound is known for its medicinal properties and has been studied for its potential use as an anticancer agent due to its ability to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Like 1,2-Benzoquinone, Plumbagin exhibits strong oxidizing properties and is utilized in various biological and pharmaceutical applications.
